Below is a website on implantation bleeding, which leads to spotting:
Source: http://www.steadyhealth.com/articles/Implantation_bleeding_or_period__a410.html
Implantation bleeding is vaginal discharge that usually contains small amount of pinkish or brownish blood. Only about a third of all pregnant women experience this implantation bleeding. You could suspect it is implantation bleeding if it occurs a bit earlier than expected, if it were scanty, spotty, pinkish and not red and heavy like a period. If your bleeding does not follow the normal pattern of a period it is probably implantation bleeding and not period.
How does implantation bleeding look like?
There is often the feeling that it is a period with light cramps and bloating, but the bleeding is shorter, lighter and simply not normal. If a woman is usually regular, and now all of a sudden develops this type of early spotting, and of course is at risk for a pregnancy, conception is recommended. Each woman should understand that implantation bleeding occurs during implantation of the egg cell. It occurs towards the end of implantation process. Trophoblast is a highly specialized tissue, which develops from the fertilized egg and surrounds the egg. It attaches the egg to the endometrium and as it is continuously growing it invades the endometrium, so as it eats its way into the endometrium it pulls the egg into the endometrium. The trophoblast also invades the mothers blood vessels and divert her blood to cavities inside the trophoblast. These cavities are than filled by maternal blood becoming blood lakes, and most of these lakes are connected. The trophoblast on the outer surface of the egg are thinner and slower growing but also contains cavities that are connected to other deeper cavities. Some of these outer cavities communicate or open into uterine cavity. Blood that leaks from these cavities are causing implantation bleeding, and it occurs shortly before the egg is completely implanted and completely covered with endometrium. Typical implantation bleeding occurs about four weeks after the last menstrual period, it is usually less and darker than the person’s normal menstruation. The diagnosis of typical implantation bleeding is made in retrospect and duration of the pregnancy is four weeks more than expected, because commonly, the last period recorded by the patient was the implantation bleeding and not her last menstruation. Implantation bleeding has no adverse effects on a pregnancy, although some experts doubt the existence of implantation bleeding . If you search for implantation bleeding you will come across sites that doubt if it ever occurs, but the fact is that some women, about 1%-2%, has a bleeding about four weeks after the last menstrual period with a pregnancy duration four weeks longer than expected.
When does implantation bleeding usually occur?
It can happen at the time the fertilized egg implants in the uterus, on average between six to twelve days past ovulation. Unless accompanied by cramping, backache or increased bleeding, a small amount of blood being discharged should be considered as implantation bleeding, which is nothing to be concerned about.Pregnancy signs
Most likely you will not notice any symptoms until about the time you have missed a period or a week or two later. If you are not keeping track of your menstrual cycle or if it varies widely from one month to the next, you may not be sure when to expect your next period. However, if you start to experience some of the symptoms below and you have not had a period for a while, you may very well be pregnant. You could take a home pregnancy test to find out for sure. The most common pregnancy sings are:Tender and swollen breasts
One of the early signs of pregnancy is sensitive, sore breasts caused by increasing levels of hormones during pregnancy. The soreness may feel like an exaggerated version of how your breasts feel before your period, and your discomfort should diminish significantly after the first trimester, as your body adjusts to the hormonal changes.Fatigue
If you feel tired all of a sudden or even exhausted it could also be the pregnancy sign. No one knows for sure what causes early pregnancy fatigue, but could possible be that rapidly increasing levels of the hormone progesterone are contributing to woman’s sleepiness. You should start to feel more energetic once you hit your second trimester. However, fatigue usually returns late in pregnancy when you are carrying around a lot more weight and some of the common discomforts of pregnancy make it more difficult to get good night’s sleep.Implantation bleeding
Some women have a small amount of vaginal bleeding called implantation bleeding, around 11 or 12 days after conception, close to the time you might notice a missed period. The bleeding may be caused by the fertilized egg burrowing into the blood-rich lining of the uterus. This process starts just six days after fertilization, but as I already said, no one knows that for sure. The bleeding is very light, appearing as red spotting or pink or reddish-brown staining, and lasts only a day or two. You should let your practitioner know if you notice any bleeding or spotting, particularly if it is accompanied by pain, since this can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy.Nausea or vomiting
If you are like most women, morning sickness will not hit you until about a month after conception. A lucky few women escape it altogether. However, some women do start to feel queasy a bit earlier and not just in the morning, either pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting can be a problem morning, noon, or night. About half of women with nausea feel complete relief by the beginning of the second trimester while for most others it takes another month or so for the queasiness to ease up.Increased sensitivity to odors
If you are newly pregnant, it is not uncommon to feel repelled by the smell of a bologna sandwich or cup of coffee and for certain aromas to trigger your gag reflex, which could be a side effect of rapidly increasing amounts of estrogen in your system. You may also find that certain foods you used to enjoy are suddenly completely repulsive.Abdominal bloating
Hormonal changes in early pregnancy may leave you feeling bloated, similar to the feeling some women have just before their period arrives, which is why your clothes may feel snugger than usual at the waistline, even early on when your uterus is still quite small.Frequent urination
Shortly after you become pregnant, you may find yourself hurrying to the bathroom all the time, mostly because during pregnancy the amount of blood and other fluids in your body increases, which leads to extra fluid being processed by your kidneys and ending up in your bladder.A missed period and basal body temperature stays high are signs for pregnancy you probably already know to recognize.
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